I used to live outside of Madison. There's a whole ton of lakes within an hour's drive, and further north, you can't swing an empty fish bag 'round your head without finding a lake.
The Madison lakes have some big bluegills that suspend in them...noteably on Mendota.
Nearby Rock Lake in Lake Mills, same story, less pressure.
I think you'll be happy. Plus, there's Lake Michigan, 2 hrs away, and Lake Superior, 4 or 5 hours away. And the Mississippi, 2 hours away. Lots of variety.
Northern Pike, Walleyes, Bluegills, Crappies, Perch, Largemouth Bass are all mainstays on the inland waters. The Wolf River, about 2 hours from Madison, has a hell of a White Bass run. Up north, add smallmouth bass and Muskellunge. Some inland waters have trout. Mississippi, and some rivers, add Catfish. Lakes Michigan and Superior, add Lake Trout, Coho, Chinook, Whitefish. Winnebago and some other inland waters, Sturgeon spearing. And then there's bullheads, my father's favorite.