If you want your bait to last a long time, then yes it is necessary. Any time the bedding looks moist or smells real bad, change it out. Use DRY hardwood sawdust (not from a green tree!), or if you can not find that then pick up a bag of hamster bedding from the pet shop. It will work, but I like hardwood dust the best. Don't use pine, maple, or any chemically treated wood.