Once ice is on the lake turnover has taken place and you will not have another turnover untill the ice is gone in the spring. Here is the reason. Turnover is when all the water in the lake is the same temp. This happens twice a year because the water colume in temporate zone lakes sratifies (arranges itself by temp layers: aka the thermocline) twice a year 1 summer stratification 2 winter stratification. Water is an odd thing in that as it cools it becomes more dense (like most things) then it does something nothing elts does it becomes most dense at 4 deg C, then fron 4 to 0 deg C it starts to become less dense (thus ice floats). So in the summer the warmest water is on top and then it layers itself by cooler denser temps down to the bottom. In the winter the coldest water is on top (ie: ice) and the warmest water, that is usualy 4 deg C (most dense) is on the bottom. So you have turnover at some point between the seasons when the water is all (or close to) the same temp.
Your limnology for the day, I did try to hold back on the $10 words best I could.
Now back to the question, this sound almost like a chemical reaction. Could be the calcium content of the water was at a saturation point and something (possibly the cold) is making it parcipitate out? My best guess with out seeing it myself. Since it is through out the whole lake I doubt it is a septic prob. Every septic tank on the lake would hace to be leaking then?