lead acid batteries are 2.105 volts per cell X 6 for your 12 V battery = ~12.6 VDC I believe. I don't believe leaving the ducer out of water will damage anything - I let my Marcum LX5 go for 6 hours on the bench when I first got it - no problems.
By your voltage measurements, it sounds as if your battery is OK - it at least does not have dead cell.