I've burnt a lot of wood over the years so I thought I'd give a guess as to your
slag. Different species of wood have different burning characteristics. Oak burns
with a bed of coals that are like charcoal while the ash wood has a bed of coals
that are more like burning embers. These tend to smolder toward the end of their burning cycle. Since you have no grate in your woodburner there is less air from
underneath to completely burn the embers to ashes and the ash bed is extinguishing
them before they can completely burn down. This combined with whatever moisture
and sap may still be left in the wood is creating these clinkers. Not a problem it's
just that some ashes are clumpier than others. The chemical makeup probably includes potash and carbon.
Just a sidenote on the ash wood. The state of Michigan found some emerald ash borers here around a year or two ago and have begun an eradication program that
includes every ash tree in the state. This deeply concerns me as I go up north
every spring to hunt morel mushrooms under huge black ash trees. Last spring
I saw red paint on these ancient trees, marked for destruction. There will not be
any ash tree standing once they are done. I'm not sure how much destruction these bugs would have caused but the logging out of these magnificent trees is criminal.
Ted